The term " manipulation " of the rules does not associate with anything good. Its tone is marked by negative allusions. A dictionary defines the term as " to influence the attitudes and behavior of other people outside of their awareness in order to achieve their objectives."

So is manipulation in accounting treatment correctly identified with creative accounting? Well, wrong question! "Creative accounting " makes us think of fraud, scams, circumventing the law, as is the case with creative accounting manipulation... but maybe it should be distinguished from aggressive or fraudulent accounting.

Creative accounting or creativity in accounting should identify more with the use of innovative solutions than fraud. Creative Accounting is also nothing more than an accounting policy issue. Accounting creative in nature aims to unite the goals of the business with the objectives of customers - but , importantly, with regard to legal norms.

This distinguishes it from aggressive accounting, which on the one hand incorporate balance policy within legal limits, but on the other - distorts the financial result. The idea here is to operate under the standards, but in such a way as to deliberately introduce the audience to the problem. You are probably wondering, how is this possible? We comply with the law, but we have about manipulation? Now, in order to illustrate this issue, let us use an example: the right balance allows change of accounting policy. Once adopted the policy is not mandatory for us to end operations. This is consistent with the rulles. Sometimes the changes are required by the Group, and sometimes... well: sometimes it so happens that the accounting policy is changed frequently ( though the law does not tell us that we can change it only once or twice during the activity) and also frequently change the rules records.

Aggressive accounting is used by managers rather than by the owners: it leads to an artificially inflating earnings ( and thus achieving higher performance pay ), concealment or incorrect calculation of the risk of financial indicators ( eg for lending - borrowing ).

Accounting fraud, as you probably guessed themselves, it is not the same as aggressive accounting: accounting fraud is an illegal practice: falsifying accounting documents, falsification of accounts.

Therefore no more creative accounting concepts should be considered only negatively. Creative accounting is desirable, it seeks to positive results, is within the law, and most importantly, has nothing to do with manipulation in accounting!

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